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Tuesday, October 20, 2009

Crimes against foreigners in India

There are several instances of violent crime against foreigners in India.[50] Many of the crimes occur against foreigners only. Scams involving export of jewels occur in India, which target foreign citizens.[50]

Political demonstrations are common in India and frequently turn violent. Transportation and services are often disrupted. Traveling alone in remote areas after dark is of particular risk to foreigners.[51]

Because U.S. citizens' purchasing power is relatively large compared to the general Indian population, they the preferred target for robbery and other serious crime.[52]

In April 1999, Swaraj Damree, a tourist from Mauritius was befriended by a group of Indians who later held him in 25 days of captivity. They robbed him of cash amounting to US $1,500, took his travellers' cheques, wrist watch, gold chain, bracelet, two bags and suitcase.[53] In 2000, two German trekkers were shot in Himachal Pradesh. A few weeks later, two Spanish tourists were killed in Himachal Pradesh by robbers.[54] Many foreign tourists are victims of violent crime in Kolkata.[55] In September 2006, criminals robbed the wallet of a British woman in Kolkata.[55] The same month, a Japanese tourist was robbed on his way to Sudder Street.[55] In October 2006, a foreigner was robbed in daylight on Park Street.[55]

Petty crime

Petty crime, like pickpocketing, bag snatching etc. are widespread in India. Theft of valuables of foreigners from luggage on trains and buses is common. Travelers who are not in groups become easy victims of pickpockets and purse snatchers. Purse snatchers work in crowded areas.[56]

Passport theft

In India, stealing passports of foreigners from their luggage on trains and buses is widespread.[50] Theft of U.S. passports is very common, especially in major tourist areas.[52][57]

Scam incidents

Many scams are perpetrated against foreign travelers, especially in Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan.[52] Scams usually target younger foreign tourists and suggest them that money can be made by privately transporting gems or gold or by taking delivery abroad of expensive carpets avoiding customs duties.[52]

Such incidents pull the traveler over the course of several days and begin with a new scam artist who offers to show the foreign traveler the sights. They also offer cheap lodgings and meals to foreign travellers so that they can place the traveler in the physical custody of the scam artist and can leave the foreigner with threats and physical coercion. In the due process, the foreigner lose his passport.[52]

In 2006, an American became victim of a scam at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, by which she lost US $77.[58]

Taxi scam

There are also taxi scams present in India, whereby a foreign traveler, who is not aware of the locations around Indian airports, is taken for a ride round the whole airport and charged for full-fare taxi ride while the terminal is only few hundred yards away.[56] Overseas Security Advisory Council in a report mentioned the process about how to avoid taxi-scam.[56]

Rape of foreigners

Incidents of rape of foreign tourists at popular tourist spots is increasing in India.[59][60] In March 2006, Biti Mohanty, son of a senior police official in Orissa, raped a German tourist in Alwar, Rajasthan.[61][62] A Japanese woman was raped in Pushkar, Rajasthan on April 2, 2006.[63][64] In June 2007, a South Korean was raped near Manali.[61] In September 2007, two Japanese women were gang-raped in Agra,[61] a popular tourist-spot in India where the Taj Mahal is situated. The Indian state of Rajasthan, which is a popular destination among foreign tourists with one out of every three foreign travellers visiting the state, have been rattled by rape cases of foreign tourists.[65] Bureau of Consular Affairs warned US women not to travel alone in India

Crime by locale

Location has a significant impact on crime in India. In 2006, the highest crime rate was reported in Pondicherry (447.7%) for crimes under Indian Penal Code which is 2.7 times the national crime rate of 167.7%.[48] Kerala reported the highest crime rate at 312.5% among states.[48]

Kolkata (71.0%) and Madurai (206.2%) were the only two mega cities which reported less crime rate than their domain states West Bengal (79.0%) and Tamil Nadu (227.6%).[48] Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore have accounted for 16.2%, 9.5% and 8.1% respectively of the total IPC crimes reported from 35 mega cities.[48] Indore reported the highest crime rate (769.1%) among the mega cities in India followed by Bhopal (719.5%) and Jaipur (597.1%).[48]

Jammu & Kashmir (33.7%), Manipur (33.0%), Assam (30.4%) and Daman and Diu and Pondicherry (29.4%) reported higher violent crime rate compared to 18.4% at national level.[48] Uttar Pradesh reported the highest incidence of violent crimes accounting for 12.1% of total violent crimes in India (24,851 out of 2,05,656) followed by Bihar with 11.8% (24,271 out of 2,05,6556).[48] Among 35 mega cities, Delhi reported 31.2% (533 out of 1,706) of total rape cases.[48] Madhya Pradesh has reported the highest number of rape cases (2,900) accounting for 15.0% of total such cases reported in the country.[48] Uttar Pradesh reported 16.9% (5,480 out of 32,481) of total murder cases in the country and 18.4% (4,997 out of 27,230) total attempt to murder cases.[48]


Year[49] Total cog. crimes under IPC Murder Kidnapping Robbery Burglary Riots
1953 6,01,964 9,802 5,261 8,407 1,47,379 20,529
2006 18,78,293 32,481 23,991 18,456 91,666 56,641
% Change in 2006 over 1953 212.0 231.0 356.0 120.0 -38.0 176.0


Cyber crime

Cases of spam, computer hacking, cyber stalking and email fraud are rampant in India.[38] The Information Technology Act 2000 was passed by the Parliament of India in May 2000, aiming to curb cyber crimes and provide a legal framework for e-commerce transactions.[39] However Pavan Duggal, lawyer of Supreme Court of India and cyber law expert, viewed "The IT Act, 2000, is primarily meant to be a legislation to promote e-commerce. It is not very effective in dealing with several emerging cyber crimes like cyber harassment, defamation, stalking and so on".[38] Although cyber crime cells have been set up in major cities, Duggal noted the problem is that most cases remain unreported due to a lack of awareness.[38] In 2001, India and United States had set up an India-US cyber security forum as part of a counter-terrorism dialogue.[40] In 2006, India and the US agreed to enhance cooperation between law enforcement agencies of the two countries in tackling cyber crimes as part of counter-terrorism efforts.[40] A joint US-India statement released in 2006 after talks between US President George W. Bush and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stressed that in view of the importance of cyber security and cyber forensic research, the two countries are also carrying out discussions on a draft protocol on cyber security.[40]